Most of us must know steel. It’s used by us within your everyday living. But ever thought about the way to produce it? And just what does it take to produce it? Fundamentally the steel is produced in the big factory and it is cooked in a giant stove called furnace. Along with the cooking itself takes so many ingredients inside.
The Blast Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace methods are the two major methods for producing iron and steel products. Scrap melting is the major process utilizing Electric Arc Furnaces. Recently, industry competition has become increasingly intense, elevating the requirement of a much more efficient melting process. Capacities with the transformers are becoming larger and electric furnaces are growing larger worldwide. On this manufacturing environment, graphite materials which may have durability for larger-power operation are expected a lot more to the use as Graphite Electrode (GE).
GE are made of carbon. Carbon is often a nonmetal element having an atomic variety of 6 along with the atomic symbol “C”. Carbon will be the base of organic chemistry, closely related to organic matter and life activity. Manufacturing excellent graphite electrodes requires quality materials which can be strictly selected.
Graphite includes a higher heat transfer rating, resistance to higher temperatures, and possesses more strength against thermal shock than other materials. Moreover, it excels in machinability to fulfill certain requirements to get a broader selection of dimensions. Thus, graphite is the optimum material for scrap-melting electrodes.
GE are easily consumed at high temperatures due to reaction with oxygen being CO, CO2. The oxidation of electrodes starts at 500oC and accelerates its speed at 800oC (within the furnace). Usage of graphite electrodes by sublimation occurs at 3400o. The pace of sublimation is proportional for the increase of current density.
Meanwhile, utilization of quality GE ends in contributions to saving energy and environmental conservation. Electric arc furnaces, with the main purpose of recycling steel scraps, market reuse of steel products.
Production organization of graphite electrodes could be divided as 10 stages as follows:
Raw material transporting
Kneading
Extruding
Baking
Pitch Impregnation
Re-Baking
Graphitization
Machining
Inspection
Shipment
The conventional sizes for graphite electrodes are from diameter 10″ (inch) to 30″(inch) and from duration of 60″(inch) to 110″(inch). The weights are including 123 Kgs (10″ x 60″) to 2060 Kgs (30″ x 110″).
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